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Types and Sources of Solid Wastes

Rapid population growth and urbanization in developing countries have led to the generations of enormous quantities of solid wastes and consequential environmental degradation. An estimated 7.6 million tones of  municipal waste is produced per day in developing countries. These wastes are disposed in open dumps creating considerable nuisance and environmental problems. These are potential risks to health and to the environment from improper management of solid wastes. management of  Soil waste is therefore, become very important in order to minimize the adverse effects of solid wastes.



Types and Sources of Solid wastes : 

Depending upon nature, solid wastes can be broadly classified into three types

1.Urban or Municipal Wastes

2.Industrial Wastes 

3.Hazardous Wastes


I) Sources of Urban Wastes : 


a) Domestic wastes - food waste, cloth , waste paper, glass bottles, polythene bags, waste metals, etc.

b) Commercial Wastes - waste paper, packing material, cans , bottle , polythene bags etc., 

c) Construction Wastes - Wood, concrete, debris etc., 

d) Biomedical wastes - Anatomical wastes , infectious wastes etc. 

II) Source and characteristics of Industrial wastes :




The Main sources of  Industrial wastes are chemical industries, metal and mineral processing industries.

Ex - Nuclear power plants , Thermal Power plants , Chemical industries , Other industries

III)  Sources of Hazardous wastes :




Hazardous wastes are the wastes, that pose  a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant or animal plant. 

Ex - Toxic Wastes, Reactive wastes, corrosive wastes , Radio active wastes, Infectious wastes and heavy metals



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